From Fragments to Flocked marvels

It is truly amazing to understand and learn the history behind how wallpaper became wallcoverings and walls became wonders. Wallpapers made their debut in the 16th century, primarily adorning confined spaces such as cupboards and small rooms. However, the history of wallcoverings extends beyond their visual appeal, color, and pattern, showcasing the transformative impact of technology. Initially, wallpapers were monochromatic, featuring black ink prints on small paper fragments. It wasn’t until the mid-17th century that these fragments were merged into lengthy rolls, paving the way for block printing techniques. As patterns grew more intricate, multiple blocks were required for each color. This tedious process involved printing each color separately and allowing sufficient time for drying in between. So, in 1874, executing a William Morris wallpaper design with its 30 distinct blocks and 15 separate colors would take 4 weeks.
Flocked Wallpaper
Piece of flocked wallpaper from 1760 in rococo floral design.
As block printing techniques were refined and started gaining popularity in England, the government decided it would be a good source to tax. Taxes were imposed, leading to higher prices for wallpaper. Manufacturers shifted their focus to producing more luxurious and costly wallpapers to cater to the demand of wealthy customers. Interestingly, this period also witnessed the emergence of flocked wallpaper. By utilizing powdered wool remnants, which were sprinkled over a varnish design, a textured effect was achieved. This innovation gained significant popularity towards the end of the 17th century. People were drawn to the ability of flocked wallpaper to imitate the appearance of fabric, as well as its less expensive cost. Flocked paper also possessed the added advantage of repelling moths, thanks to the turpentine used in the adhesive.

A Chinese Luxury to Mass Market Sensation

Towards the close of the 17th century, as trade flourished between China and England, the Chinese luxury wall coverings grew exponentially. These wallcoverings, which were hand-painted rather than printed, captured the attention of consumers, and remained prominent for approximately a century. Despite their popularity in England, the Chinese themselves did not utilize these papers, as they were exclusively manufactured for export. The designs predominantly featured plants, birds, and landscapes, reflecting biophilia, a concept that remains popular even today. It didn’t take long for European manufacturers to emulate these luxury wallcoverings, transitioning them from hand painted versions to printed replicas with hand coloring. 

A significant milestone occurred in 1939 with the invention of the first wallpaper printing machine. This technological advancement revolutionized wallpaper production in Britain, quickly increasing efficiency and affordability. The production dramatically changed from one million rolls in 1834 to nearly nine million rolls in 1860, making wallpaper accessible to a broader audience. This transformative shift in production methods had a profound impact on the perception of decoration, sparking a desire for artistry and aesthetic appeal among the middle class. This bears resemblance to the post-pandemic period in 2020, when many individuals sought to enhance their surroundings and engage in redecorating. As result, the practice of combining various wallpaper designs within a room, papering ceilings, and incorporating friezes gained popularity, further fueling the evolution of wallcoverings.   

After the Industrial Revolution, wallpaper took a turn, as it transitioned from an exclusive luxury for the wealthy to a widely accessible commodity for the masses. The introduction of roller presses significantly reduced prices, leading to a surge in demand among the middle-class Americans. Because of their enthusiasm for wallpaper, it was not uncommon for them to redecorate rooms seasonally. In 1895, six visionary businessmen capitalized on this enthusiasm for wallpaper and established York Wallcoverings, a company that remains operational today. The impact of wallpaper’s popularity was further evident in 1935 when Sears, Roebuck & Co. included wallcoverings in its mail-order catalog, making them widely available- Even in outhouses, how available is that? Following World War II, in 1945, the U.S. government lifted restrictions on new wallpaper designs, promoting a resurgence in the industry. Accompanied by the first major brand advertising campaign in magazines, the introduction of fresh designs skyrocketed wallpaper to new heights of popularity.
The period from 1920 and 1930 witnessed a remarkable boom in the wallpaper industry. In Britain, production grew from 50 million rolls to nearly 100 million by 1939, with a significant emphasis on the lower end of the market. During this time, there was an increase in the popularity of modern art and pop culture, influencing the designs that consumers desired. The 1960s and 1970s marked another pinnacle for wallpaper sales globally, with bold and modern designs dominating the market. However, the industry faced a significant setback due to the oil crisis of 1973, resulting in a widespread decline and numerous businesses closing. The rise of competition from paints and faux finishes further created challenges for the wallpaper industry. Now we have a place for both, depending on the design project.
the first wallpaper printing machine- 1939

The first wallpaper printing machine, photographed in 1939.

Sears wallpaper catalog

An original 1935 Sears, Roebuck & Co. wallpaper catalog.

Limitless Possibilities in Modern Design

In recent years, wallpaper has experienced a significant resurgence, fueled by advancements in technology that have expanded the range of options to the point where the term “wallpaper” no longer suffices to encompass them all. Different grounds are now available to suit various purposes, catering to a specific need. For instance, there are vinyl wallpapers suitable for damp areas and commercial use, while others are designed for acoustical purposes which may incorporate a layer of foam. Many wallcoverings are versatile enough for both residential and commercial settings, while some incorporate LED lights, 24 karat gold accents, or even wood elements. Murals have gained popularity, offering a plethora of options and the ability to create custom designs based on photographs or artwork. Technological advancements have also facilitated the growth of artisanal papers by emerging artists with 3D printing playing a role alongside the continued existence of handmade papers. The result is a vibrant and diverse landscape of wallcoverings that cater to a wide range of tastes and preferences.

Walls To Wonders: Unveiling the Evolution of Wallpaper 1

LED Wallpaper: Meystyle: Light Lines. Photography by Meystyle.

Wood Wallpaper

Wood Wallpaper: Arte: Lucky O’s. Photography by Arte.

So how are wallcoverings being used today? The utilization of wallcoverings today is being embraced as versatile design elements that can enhance various surfaces and transform different pieces of furniture. Consider covering the back of bookcases, stair risers, or even using them to revitalize and reimagine existing furniture. Certain patterns allow for railroading or unconventional hanging methods such as alternating strips, as we demonstrated in our showroom with the Versace wall and the wall in our restroom. Ceilings, often overlooked, can benefit greatly from the addition of wallcoverings, providing an unexpected and visually appealing element to the space. Combining wallcoverings with matching fabric for upholstery and window coverings creates a cohesive and harmonious look. Additionally, when presented with a particularly artistic wallcovering, framing it as a standalone piece of art can yield remarkable results. We have personally used this technique by using a large artwork and framing it with molding to create a captivating focal point in a dining room. The availability of numerous murals or the option to customize allows for the incorporation of continuous, non-repeating patterns that have the power to completely transform a space. The possibilities of using wallcoverings in innovative ways are limitless, which open new avenues for creative expression in interior design.

Anna French Matching Wallpaper & Fabric

Wallpaper & Fabric: Anna French-Milford from Antilles collection being used. Photography from Thibaut

Cole & Son Polo Stripe Wallpaper Ceiling

Wallpaper: Cole & Son: Hyacinth Blue & Cerulean Polo Stripe. Photography

by Cole & Son.

 

Understanding the world of wallpaper and how it has evolved is one part of history that I find so interesting and makes me really appreciate all that has transpired to get us to the exciting and limitless options we have today. It is a great tool for us to use to create and is one of the most transformative things you can do in space. We invite you to spend time immersing yourself in our huge library of books and samples at our showroom. You will love all the discoveries!

Other posts you may also be interested in:

Looking Glass To Mirrors To Selfies

What must it have been like to not be able to see yourself, except perhaps by a reflection in a pool of still water, and practically standing on your head to do that? Were we more focused on life and relationships without vanity then? We’ve come a long way from that...

read more

Au Naturale

We want to use what comes from nature, and biophilic design has been proven to create both a calming and productive environment. But what qualifies as a natural product? Bear with me for the definition and groundwork so we can talk about some exciting products from...

read more
The Five “R” Resolutions For The New Year

The Five “R” Resolutions For The New Year

The 5 "R" ResolutionsAre you taking down those Christmas decorations and your space is looking a little bare, boring, or just uninspired?  Maybe it is not functioning that well for you either.  You need an enjoyment return on your home investment.  Consider one or...

read more
Close ✕

Price

$$

Tags

  • (1149)
  • (61)
  • (32)

Style

  • (1)
  • (2)
  • (23)
  • (1)
  • (26)
  • (34)

Mirror Shape

  • (1)
  • (1)

Mirror Material

  • (2)

Art Subjects

  • (20)
  • (1)
  • (5)
  • (1)
  • (6)
  • (7)
  • (4)
  • (15)
  • (1)
  • (1)
  • (1)

Art Style

  • (33)
  • (15)
  • (7)
  • (3)

Color